Let $G$ be a plane graph with outer cycle $C$ and let $(L(v):v\in V(G))$ be afamily of non-empty sets. By an $L$-coloring of $G$ we mean a (proper) coloring$\phi$ of $G$ such that $\phi(v)\in L(v)$ for every vertex $v$ of $G$.Thomassen proved that if $v_1,v_2\in V(C)$ are adjacent, $L(v_1)\ne L(v_2)$,$|L(v)|\ge3$ for every $v\in V(C)-\{v_1,v_2\}$ and $|L(v)|\ge5$ for every $v\inV(G)-V(C)$, then $G$ has an $L$-coloring. What happens when $v_1$ and $v_2$ arenot adjacent? Then an $L$-coloring need not exist, but in the first paper ofthis series we have shown that it exists if $|L(v_1)|,|L(v_2)|\ge2$. Here wecharacterize when an $L$-coloring exists if $|L(v_1)|\ge1$ and $|L(v_2)|\ge2$. This result is a lemma toward a more general theorem along the same lines,which we will use to prove that minimally non-$L$-colorable planar graphs withtwo precolored cycles of bounded length are of bounded size. The latter resulthas a number of applications which we pursue elsewhere.
展开▼
机译:令$ G $为具有外循环$ C $的平面图,令$(L(v):v \ in V(G))$为非空集的族。 $ G $的$ L $着色是指$ G $的(适当)着色$ \ phi $,使得$ G的每个顶点$ v $的$ \ phi(v)\ in L(v)$ $ .Thomassen证明,如果V(C)$中的$ v_1,v_2 \相邻,则V中的每个$ v \ in中的$ L(v_1)\ ne L(v_2)$,$ | L(v)| \ ge3 $ (C)-\ {v_1,v_2 \} $和$ | L(v)| \ ge5 $,每个$ v \ inV(G)-V(C)$,则$ G $具有$ L $着色。 $ v_1 $和$ v_2 $不相邻怎么办?那么就不需要存在$ L $着色了,但是在本系列的第一篇论文中,我们证明了$ | L(v_1)|,| L(v_2)| \ ge2 $时存在。如果$ | L(v_1)| \ ge1 $和$ | L(v_2)| \ ge2 $,则在这里存在$ L $着色时,我们的特征是。这个结果是朝向同一定理的更一般性定理的引理,我们将使用它证明具有两个有限长度的预着色循环的最小非$ L $可着色平面图的边界大小。后者的结果有许多我们在其他地方追求的应用。
展开▼